Investigating an Inverse Finite Element Approach for Characterising Soft Materials

Abstract

Soft materials, such as soft biological tissue and soft silicone rubber, are non-linear materials which require the classical uniaxial and biaxial tensile testing methods for characterisation. Unfortunately, in special cases, such as for soft biological tissue, the samples are smaller than 10 mm × 10 mm in size and these classical tensile testing methods produce unwanted stress and strain gradients due to the fastening techniques associated with these methods. Micro-indentation is proposed as an alternative method for characterising soft materials. Using inverse Finite Element (FE) analysis and a known Mooney-Rivlin three parameter material model, six different micro-indentation tests were proposed. A theoretical approach was used to determine which indentation test best characterised a silicone sample, by using two FE models. The results showed that micro-indentation is capable of characterising a soft material in ideal conditions with a cylindrical indenter applied in a diagonal orientation over the sample, as the best indentation method. Finally, it was observed that the material model can either match the displacements with the smallest objective function or the stress vs. stretch curve can be matched to 99 % over the whole stretch range but not both simultaneously.